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安卓实现短信验证功能

admin
行业动态
2025-04-21
5

功能需求分析

实现短信验证功能需要完成以下核心流程：

安卓实现短信验证功能第1张

用户输入手机号并点击获取验证码
前端向服务器发送请求生成验证码
服务器通过短信网关发送验证码到用户手机
自动读取短信中的验证码并填充到输入框
用户提交验证码进行校验

实现步骤与代码示例

配置AndroidManifest权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />

动态申请运行时权限（Android 6.0+）

// 在Activity中添加权限申请逻辑
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_SMS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_SMS}, REQUEST_CODE);
}

创建验证码获取按钮（带倒计时）

public class SmsVerifyActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Button btnGetCode;
    private EditText etPhone, etCode;
    private CountDownTimer timer;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        // 初始化视图组件...
        btnGetCode.setOnClickListener(v -> {
            String phone = etPhone.getText().toString();
            if (validatePhone(phone)) {
                startCountdown();
                sendVerificationCode(phone);
            }
        });
    }
    private void startCountdown() {
        timer = new CountDownTimer(60000, 1000) {
            @Override
            public void onTick(long millisUntilFinished) {
                btnGetCode.setText(millisUntilFinished / 1000 + "s");
                btnGetCode.setEnabled(false);
            }
            @Override
            public void onFinish() {
                btnGetCode.setText("重新获取");
                btnGetCode.setEnabled(true);
            }
        }.start();
    }
}

发送验证码请求（集成第三方SDK示例）

服务商	调用方式	备注
阿里云短信服务	`AliyunSmsClient.sendSms(...)`	需配置AccessKey
酷盾安全短信	`QCloudSmsClient.sendVerifyCode(...)`	支持模板短信
第三方SDK（如Mob）	`MobSDK.getVerificationCode(...)`	集成多家通道

// 通用HTTP请求示例（以OkHttp为例）
private void sendVerificationCode(String phone) {
    OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("https://api.yourservice.com/sms/send?phone="+phone)
        .build();
    client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
        @Override
        public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
            runOnUiThread(() -> Toast.makeText(..., "发送失败", ...).show());
        }
        @Override
        public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
            // 处理响应结果...
        }
    });
}

自动读取短信验证码

// 定义BroadcastReceiver
public class SmsReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    private SmsVerifyActivity activity;
    public SmsReceiver(SmsVerifyActivity activity) {
        this.activity = activity;
    }
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        String action = intent.getAction();
        if (Telephony.Sms.Intents.GET_SMS_RECEIVER_ACTION.equals(action)) {
            Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
            Object[] pdus = (Object[]) bundle.get("pdus");
            for (Object pdu : pdus) {
                SmsMessage sms = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[]) pdu);
                String message = sms.getMessageBody();
                // 解析短信内容提取验证码（需根据实际短信格式调整正则）
                String code = extractCodeFromMessage(message);
                if (code != null) {
                    activity.runOnUiThread(() -> activity.etCode.setText(code));
                }
            }
        }
    }
    private String extractCodeFromMessage(String message) {
        // 示例正则表达式（需根据实际情况调整）
        Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("\d{6}");
        Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(message);
        return matcher.find() ? matcher.group() : null;
    }
}

注册短信接收器

// 在Activity的onStart方法中注册
@Override
protected void onStart() {
    super.onStart();
    IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(Telephony.Sms.Intents.GET_SMS_RECEIVER_ACTION);
    registerReceiver(new SmsReceiver(this), filter);
}
// 在onStop中注销
@Override
protected void onStop() {
    super.onStop();
    unregisterReceiver(smsReceiver);
}

验证验证码（提交到服务器）

private void verifyCode(String phone, String code) {
    OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
    RequestBody body = new FormBody.Builder()
        .add("phone", phone)
        .add("code", code)
        .build();
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("https://api.yourservice.com/sms/verify")
        .post(body)
        .build();
    client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
        @Override
        public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
            runOnUiThread(() -> Toast.makeText(..., "验证失败", ...).show());
        }
        @Override
        public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
            // 处理验证结果...
        }
    });
}